exercise

The effect of diving (SCUBA and breath hold) on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory function using noninvasive (echocardiography, continuous blood pressure measurements, TCD, MRI, respiratory mechanics, etc) and invasive (MSNA, arterial and central venous catheterization, internal jugular vein catheterization, etc) methods. The clinical interest is related to following diseases: chronic heart failure, COPD, stroke, TIA, tetraplegia, etc.